Are You Using A Conflict Smartphone?

This story was originally published on the World Economic Forum on September 28, 2017.

You’ve probably heard about conflict diamonds, from news coverage or even from the Leonardo DiCaprio blockbuster Blood Diamond, which delves into the violent origins of the precious stones. Around the world, consumers are increasingly taking steps to ensure they’re not purchasing a blood diamond when shopping for an engagement ring.

Few of us take the same precaution with our electronics.

Here’s a dirty secret, though: Your smartphone is made with conflict minerals. So is your computer, iPad, Fitbit and any number of other electronics.

As with conflict diamonds, many of the minerals in these devices come from war-torn regions rife with human rights abuses and unsafe working conditions. According to the official guidelines determined by US legislation, conflict minerals include tantalum (used to make capacitors and high power resistors), tungsten (used to make filaments), tin (used to make solders for electronic circuits), and gold (used in electronic circuit boards) mined in the Congo, Angola, Rwanda and seven other nearby nations. Experts are calling for cobalt, an element used to make the rechargeable batteries found in most electronic devices, to be added to the list. An investigation by the Washington Post published last year traced cobalt used by major manufacturers back to hazardous, hand-dug mines in the Congo.

Meanwhile, terrible working conditions aren’t limited to mines in Africa. Electronic companies depend on raw materials from countries where forced and child labour is common, such as India and China.

                Image: Amnesty International

Complex global supply chains make it incredibly difficult (if not impossible) for companies to determine whether human rights’ abuses occur at any point in the supply pipeline. It’s not uncommon for minerals to pass through 10 different parties on their way to the manufacturer. Deals are often based on multi-generational connections, and transparency is voluntary, a combination that allows inhumane working conditions to fester.

Every time you buy a new electronic device, you’re likely funding the conflict mineral industry. Collectively we’re pouring billions into the sector: 1.53 billion smartphones are expected to ship this year alone.

The challenge of disposal

The problem is compounded by the way we dispose of our electronics. Only 29% of electronics in the US are recycled. The rest end up in landfills, where they leach chemicals, including bromides, beryllium, and lead, into the soil and groundwater.

Recycling might seem like a better option. But, in reality, the name is usually a misnomer. Up to 80% of the recycled electronic material in the US is shipped overseas. China, India, Ghana, and Pakistan are full of e-graveyards where workers burn the electronics to remove metal components, breathing in the toxic fumes.

Packed electronic waste are seen outside at a recycling warehouse, in Mexico City, Mexico August 18, 2017. REUTERS/Henry Romero
Packed electronic waste are seen outside at a recycling warehouse, in Mexico City, Mexico August 18, 2017.
Image: REUTERS/Henry Romero

Most of the recycled products that don’t end up overseas are sent to a smelter. But even this best-case scenario is problematic: while a few metals are extracted in the smelting process, the rest of the materials are left to burn. This, in turn, releases harmful compounds including dioxins and furans into the atmosphere, while also contaminating the remaining slag.

As the global middle class expands, so does the scale of the problem. E-waste is the fastest growing waste stream: By 2020, there will be 20.4 billion connected devices, according to research firm Gartner. Unless we make some drastic changes, the majority will end up in a landfill. We’re hurtling toward a full-blown humanitarian and environmental crisis.

Digging ourselves out of the e-waste dilemma

The need for action is self-evident. And the end-goal is clear: finding more sustainable ways to make, recycle and reuse our electronics. It’s the “how” that’s tricky.

Rapid technological advances and built-in obsolescence mean a continual consumer demand for newer and better gadgets. While noble in intent, demanding that manufacturers simply track and eliminate conflict minerals may be too complicated to ever realistically implement. Encouraging consumers to refurbish used devices instead of throwing them away by improving their repairability is a viable option. But as tech companies continue to push out new products, its impact will be limited.

Instead, we must overhaul the supply chain.

At present, we have a cradle-to-grave system: electronics are made, sold and then buried in landfills. To achieve meaningful change, we need to transition to a cradle-to-cradle cycle, in which manufacturers become custodians of the minerals used in their electronics. In this circular economy, old electronics are converted back into their mineral parts, which are then used to create brand-new devices.

To fulfill this vision of the future, we need better technology. Fortunately, on this front, we are finally making some strides. One especially promising option borrows large-scale sonic technology from the mining and heavy oil industries, where it’s traditionally used to remediate valuable but contaminated soils.

Powerful underwater sound waves are used to separate electronics into their component parts—a process that can recover all 21 minerals used to build a standard iPhone, without destroying all the plastics, fibreglass and ceramics. Not only is the operation more sustainable than incineration, but the recovered materials can re-enter the supply chain, reducing the need for manufacturers to purchase additional raw conflict minerals. I’ve seen up close the potential that this solution holds for the enormous challenge of e-waste.

At a test facility 1,000 miles north of Silicon Valley, we’ve successfully processed 36,000 pounds of circuit boards and solar panels using this technology. Without resorting to smelters or environmentally damaging processes, this process recovers over 90% of all the metals inside. More importantly, the remaining metals are still contained within the closed-loop system, waiting for a recovery in the future. This solution can scale around the globe, providing one truly viable alternative to traditional electronic recycling.

The problem of e-waste is real, serious and growing worse each year. Awareness is the first step toward a solution. As consumers, we need to raise our voices to demand that manufacturers work towards building a better supply chain. Just as we demand that our produce is organic, our coffee is fairtrade and our jewelry doesn’t come from a conflict zone, it’s time we start demanding that our smartphones are ethically and sustainably sourced. The alternative is leaving our children a mountain of toxic debt—the billions of phones, laptops, and electronics we casually bought and then just threw away.

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    Вольфрамовые электроды для меди – выбор диаметра и тока
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    Service License: For service-based businesses such as consulting, legal services, or accounting.
    Industrial License: For manufacturing, processing, assembling, and exporting finished products.

    The free zone supports a broad spectrum of activities, including IT, healthcare, manufacturing, and e-commerce, making it suitable for businesses of all sizes and specialties. However, businesses must carefully select their license type to avoid complications during registration or visa processing.
    Advanced Services and Support
    SAIF Zone prioritizes convenience and efficiency through its comprehensive service offerings. The https://vocal.media/education/saif-zone-banking-success Zone Mobile App allows businesses to manage visas, finances, and maintenance requests online, reducing the need for in-person visits. The free zone also provides visa services, legal and financial support, customs clearance, and access to international couriers, banks, and transportation. Additionally, SAIF Zone’s commitment to financial transparency is reinforced through mandatory audits by approved auditors, ensuring compliance with international standards and fostering investor trust.
    Community and Lifestyle
    While SAIF Zone is primarily a commercial hub, it offers a supportive environment for businesses and their employees. On-site amenities include mosques, restaurants, and recreational facilities for workers. Nearby, reputable schools like Sharjah American International School and The International School of Choueifat cater to families, while nurseries such as Future International Nursery are accessible for young children. Sharjah’s rich cultural heritage, recognized as the Islamic Culture Capital in 2014 and World Book Capital in 2019, adds to the emirate’s appeal for residents and investors.
    Recognition and Achievements
    SAIF Zone’s excellence has been acknowledged through numerous accolades. It is the world’s first ISO 9001-certified airport free zone and has been listed as a ‘Superbrand’ for its outstanding services. In 2024-2025, SAIF Zone won two prestigious awards at the Financial Excellence Performance Award ceremony, highlighting its commitment to financial transparency and operational efficiency. These achievements underscore its reputation as a reliable and innovative business hub.
    Why Choose SAIF Zone?
    SAIF Zone stands out for its combination of affordability, strategic location, and robust infrastructure. Its proximity to major logistical hubs, coupled with business-friendly policies like 100% foreign ownership and tax exemptions, makes it an ideal choice for entrepreneurs and corporations. The free zone’s customer-centric services, such as the one-window licensing system and e-portal, simplify business operations, while its diverse facilities cater to a wide range of industries. Whether you’re a startup looking for a cost-effective base or a multinational seeking to expand in the Middle East, SAIF Zone offers the tools and support needed to succeed.
    Getting Started
    Setting up a business in SAIF Zone is straightforward. Entrepreneurs can choose their license type, submit minimal documentation (passport, photo, and contact details), and obtain a license instantly on the day of application. Business consultants like Commitbiz or 1Pro Centre DMCC can assist with company formation, visa processing, and bank account setup, ensuring a seamless experience. For more details, visit the official SAIF Zone website or contact their sales team at +971 6 517 8361.
    In conclusion, SAIF Zone is a dynamic and cost-effective free zone that empowers businesses to thrive in the UAE’s competitive market. With its strategic location, modern facilities, and investor-friendly policies, it continues to attract global businesses, solidifying its position as a premier business hub in the region.

  33. Sharjah Airport International Free Zone (SAIF Zone): A Premier Business Hub in the UAE
    The Sharjah Airport International Free Zone (SAIF Zone), established in 1995, is one of the leading free zones in the United Arab Emirates, recognized for its strategic location, business-friendly policies, and world-class infrastructure. Located adjacent to Sharjah International Airport and in close proximity to major seaports like Port Khalid and Port Khorfakkan, SAIF Zone is a prime destination for businesses in logistics, manufacturing, trading, and services. With over 8,000 companies from 165 countries, it has become a vibrant hub for global enterprises looking to tap into the Middle East, Africa, and Asia markets.
    Strategic Location and Connectivity
    SAIF Zone’s strategic positioning is one of its key advantages. Situated in Sharjah, the industrial powerhouse of the UAE, it offers unparalleled access to major trade routes, connecting businesses to over 2 billion consumers within a four-hour flight. Its proximity to Sharjah International Airport, one of the largest cargo airports in the Middle East and North Africa, and its connectivity to five container ports, ensures seamless logistics for import and export operations. Additionally, its closeness to Dubai International Airport and major highways enhances its appeal for businesses prioritizing efficiency and accessibility.
    Business-Friendly Policies and Incentives
    SAIF Zone is designed to foster business growth through a range of incentives that attract entrepreneurs and investors worldwide. These include:

    100% Foreign Ownership: Businesses can operate without the need for a local partner, offering full control over operations.
    Tax Exemptions: No personal income taxes, corporate taxes, or import/export duties, making it a cost-effective choice for businesses.
    Full Repatriation of Profits: Companies can transfer 100% of their capital and profits without restrictions.
    Streamlined Processes: The free zone’s one-window operation ensures quick licensing, often issued within 24 hours, and simplified customs procedures.

    These policies, combined with the absence of bureaucratic red tape, make SAIF Zone an attractive destination for startups, SMEs, and multinational corporations alike.
    Comprehensive Facilities for Diverse Business Needs
    SAIF Zone offers a wide range of facilities tailored to meet the needs of various industries. These include:

    Offices: Modern, fitted-out office spaces such as SAIF Suite, SAIF Executive Office, and SAIF Office, ideal for consultancies, trading firms, and service providers.
    Warehouses: Purpose-built warehouses ranging from 1,300 sq.ft. to 6,400 sq.ft., equipped with modern amenities like kitchens, bathrooms, and special roofing systems to reduce heat intake. Larger businesses can combine multiple units for manufacturing or logistics purposes.
    Land Plots: Plots starting from 2,500 sq.m. are available for custom-built warehouses or factories.
    Labor Accommodation: On-site housing with recreational facilities and 24-hour restaurant services for workers.
    Jewelry Park: A specialized unit for jewelry manufacturing, catering to the gold and jewelry sector.

    These facilities, coupled with advanced infrastructure, make SAIF Zone a versatile choice for businesses across sectors like IT, media, consumer durables, and manufacturing.
    Cost-Effective Business Setup
    One of the standout features of SAIF Zone is its affordability. License costs start from AED 10,800 for trading or services licenses, which include a flexi-desk and eligibility for up to three resident visas. Warehouse rentals begin at AED 54,000 for smaller units, with larger options available at competitive rates. The low cost of setup, combined with high-quality infrastructure, makes SAIF Zone a preferred choice for businesses seeking value without compromising on quality.
    Licensing and Business Activities
    SAIF Zone offers a variety of licenses to accommodate different business activities:

    Commercial License: For import, export, distribution, and warehousing of specific goods, with a limit of three similar product lines.
    General Trading License: Allows trading in a wide range of products.
    Service License: For service-based businesses such as consulting, legal services, or accounting.
    Industrial License: For manufacturing, processing, assembling, and exporting finished products.

    The free zone supports a broad spectrum of activities, including IT, healthcare, manufacturing, and e-commerce, making it suitable for businesses of all sizes and specialties. However, businesses must carefully select their license type to avoid complications during registration or visa processing.
    Advanced Services and Support
    SAIF Zone prioritizes convenience and efficiency through its comprehensive service offerings. The SAIF Zone Mobile App allows businesses to manage visas, finances, and maintenance requests online, reducing the need for in-person visits. The free zone also provides visa services, legal and financial support, customs clearance, and access to international couriers, banks, and transportation. Additionally, SAIF Zone’s commitment to financial transparency is reinforced through mandatory audits by approved auditors, ensuring compliance with international standards and fostering investor trust.
    Community and Lifestyle
    While SAIF Zone is primarily a commercial hub, it offers a supportive environment for businesses and their employees. On-site amenities include mosques, restaurants, and recreational facilities for workers. Nearby, reputable schools like Sharjah American International School and The International School of Choueifat cater to families, while nurseries such as Future International Nursery are accessible for young children. Sharjah’s rich cultural heritage, recognized as the Islamic Culture Capital in 2014 and World Book Capital in 2019, adds to the emirate’s appeal for residents and investors.
    Recognition and Achievements
    SAIF Zone’s excellence has been acknowledged through numerous accolades. It is the world’s first ISO 9001-certified airport free zone and has been listed as a ‘Superbrand’ for its outstanding services. In 2024-2025, https://vocal.media/education/saif-zone-banking-success Zone won two prestigious awards at the Financial Excellence Performance Award ceremony, highlighting its commitment to financial transparency and operational efficiency. These achievements underscore its reputation as a reliable and innovative business hub.
    Why Choose SAIF Zone?
    SAIF Zone stands out for its combination of affordability, strategic location, and robust infrastructure. Its proximity to major logistical hubs, coupled with business-friendly policies like 100% foreign ownership and tax exemptions, makes it an ideal choice for entrepreneurs and corporations. The free zone’s customer-centric services, such as the one-window licensing system and e-portal, simplify business operations, while its diverse facilities cater to a wide range of industries. Whether you’re a startup looking for a cost-effective base or a multinational seeking to expand in the Middle East, SAIF Zone offers the tools and support needed to succeed.
    Getting Started
    Setting up a business in SAIF Zone is straightforward. Entrepreneurs can choose their license type, submit minimal documentation (passport, photo, and contact details), and obtain a license instantly on the day of application. Business consultants like Commitbiz or 1Pro Centre DMCC can assist with company formation, visa processing, and bank account setup, ensuring a seamless experience. For more details, visit the official SAIF Zone website or contact their sales team at +971 6 517 8361.
    In conclusion, SAIF Zone is a dynamic and cost-effective free zone that empowers businesses to thrive in the UAE’s competitive market. With its strategic location, modern facilities, and investor-friendly policies, it continues to attract global businesses, solidifying its position as a premier business hub in the region.

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